What is the minimum systolic pressure that defines hypertension? A. 120 mm Hg B. 130 mm Hg C. 140 mm Hg D. 150 mm Hg
Diastolic pressure during heart filling is measured as: A. Pulse pressure B. Diastolic BP C. Systolic BP D. Mean arterial pressure
Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with hypertension? A. Stroke B. Asthma C. Heart failure D. Renal failure
Prehypertension is defined as: A. <120/<80 mm Hg B. 120–139/80–89 mm Hg C. 140–159/90–99 mm Hg D. ≥160/≥100 mm Hg
Stage 2 Hypertension classification starts from: A. 140/90 mm Hg B. 120/80 mm Hg C. ≥160/≥100 mm Hg D. <180/<110 mm Hg
Signs, Symptoms, and Risk Factors
Which is an early sign of hypertensive disease? A. Proteinuria B. Papilledema C. Elevated BP readings D. Dementia
Advanced hypertensive symptoms include all EXCEPT: A. Retinal hemorrhage B. Congestive heart failure C. Headache D. Dementia
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension? A. Age B. Smoking C. Family history D. Ethnicity
Which hormone from kidneys increases BP by retaining fluid? A. Insulin B. Vasopressin C. Renin D. Cortisol
Atherosclerosis increases BP by: A. Enhancing kidney filtration B. Narrowing vascular lumen C. Dilating blood vessels D. Decreasing cardiac output
Dental Considerations
Elective dental care should be deferred if BP is: A. 160/90 mm Hg B. 140/90 mm Hg C. ≥180/110 mm Hg D. ≤120/80 mm Hg
The best approach to lower white coat hypertension in clinic is: A. Increase BP medications B. Use steroids C. Use nitrous oxide sedation D. Give antibiotics
NSAIDs should be used with caution in hypertensive patients because they: A. Increase glucose B. May reduce antihypertensive effect C. Interact with insulin D. Increase bleeding risk
For dental procedures, how much epinephrine is safe in a stable hypertensive patient? A. 4 cartridges B. None C. 2 cartridges of 1:100,000 D. 3 mL
Which oral side effect is most common with antihypertensive drugs? A. Halitosis B. Dry mouth C. Staining D. Gingival overgrowth
Pharmacologic Management
Which class of antihypertensive drugs may cause lichenoid reactions and taste changes? A. Diuretics B. ACE inhibitors C. Beta blockers D. Calcium channel blockers
Which of these is a thiazide diuretic? A. Amiloride B. Hydrochlorothiazide C. Furosemide D. Triamterene
Which drug class should be avoided with erythromycin due to hypotensive risk? A. Beta blockers B. Calcium channel blockers C. ACE inhibitors D. Diuretics
Which drug causes angioedema as a side effect? A. Spironolactone B. Metoprolol C. Lisinopril D. Furosemide
Loop diuretics include all EXCEPT: A. Bumetanide B. Furosemide C. Hydrochlorothiazide D. Torsemide
Clinical and Chairside Management
When should BP be rechecked if patient’s BP is normal? A. Next week B. In 2 years C. Every visit D. Monthly
For patients with 160/100 mm Hg BP, the dental plan includes: A. Immediate referral B. Avoid treatment C. Monitor and refer within 1 month D. Prescribe antibiotics
What is the best position change protocol to avoid orthostatic hypotension? A. Slowly raise the chair upright B. Quickly sit the patient up C. Place in Trendelenburg D. Lower feet first
An antihypertensive that is potassium-sparing: A. Indapamide B. Amiloride C. Bumetanide D. Metoprolol
In hypertension, the safest vasoconstrictor in local anesthesia is: A. Epinephrine 1:100,000 B. Phenylephrine C. Levonordefrin D. Norepinephrine
Dental Drug Interactions & Risk
Which antihypertensive class causes angioedema and oral burning? A. Diuretics B. ACE inhibitors C. Beta blockers D. ARBs
Why should levonordefrin be avoided in hypertensive patients? A. Reduces analgesia B. Raises BP significantly C. Induces sedation D. Causes dry mouth
Which device may be affected by ultrasonic scaling but is generally safe today? A. Pacemaker B. Insulin pump C. Oxygen monitor D. Nebulizer
Which of the following is least likely a dental complication of hypertension? A. Anxiety B. Encephalopathy C. Excess bleeding D. Orthostatic hypotension
Which class is recommended first for Stage 1 hypertension without comorbidities? A. ACEIs B. ARBs C. Thiazide diuretics D. Beta-blockers
Diagnosis, Classification, and Devices
What defines “prehypertension”? A. >160/100 B. <120/80 C. 120–139/80–89 D. >140/90
What BP range permits dental treatment but requires physician referral? A. <120/80 B. ≥180/110 C. 140–159/90–99 D. >160/110
Which drug is a cardioselective beta-blocker? A. Atenolol B. Propranolol C. Pindolol D. Nadolol
Which hypertensive drug works by blocking aldosterone? A. Lisinopril B. Spironolactone C. Metoprolol D. Furosemide
ICDs are primarily used for: A. Controlling BP B. Managing tachyarrhythmias C. Reducing fluid retention D. Inducing sedation
Advanced Application
Dental patients with HF may have which device implanted? A. Glucose monitor B. Pacemaker/ICD C. Dental implant D. EEG
Which hypertensive drug does NOT interact with vasoconstrictors? A. Propranolol B. Pindolol C. Thiazide diuretics D. Nadolol
Which condition is NOT associated with long-standing hypertension? A. Angina B. Anemia C. Papilledema D. Retinopathy
Which sedative method is preferred for managing hypertensive dental anxiety? A. Intravenous morphine B. Oral or inhalation sedation C. Ketamine IM D. Barbiturates
Main goal of antihypertensive dental care is to: A. Cure hypertension B. Replace medications C. Prevent complications during dental treatment D. Adjust pacemaker settings
